Pu'er
Pu'er hija belt fil-livell ta' prefettura fin-Nofsinhar tal-Provinċja ta' Yunnan, iċ-Ċina. Iċ-ċentru amministrattiv urban ta' Pu'er huwa d-Distrett ta' Simao, li huwa wkoll l-isem preċedenti stess tal-belt fil-livell ta' prefettura. Tnaqqis kbir fil-prezz tat-te fl-2007 ikkawża kriżi ekonomika kbira fl-inħawi. Il-prezz tat-te ta' Pu'er minn dak iż-żmien 'l hawn reġa' rpilja u t-te ta' Pu'er, li huwa tip ta' te skur, għadu jikkontribwixxi għall-biċċa l-kbira tal-introjtu fl-inħawi.
| Pu'er | |
|---|---|
 Repubblika tal-Poplu taċ-Ċina | |
 | |
| Amministrazzjoni | |
| Province of China | Yunnan |
| Isem uffiċjali | 普洱市 |
| Kodiċi postali |
Ville : 665000 |
| Ġeografija | |
| Koordinati | 22°46′49″N 100°58′11″E / 22.78028°N 100.96981°EKoordinati: 22°46′49″N 100°58′11″E / 22.78028°N 100.96981°E |
  Pu'er Pu'er (Ċina) | |
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| Superfiċjenti | 44,266 kilometru kwadru |
| Għoli | 1,306 m |
| Demografija | |
| Popolazzjoni | 2,404,954 abitanti (2020) |
| Informazzjoni oħra | |
| Kodiċi tat-telefon |
879 |
| Żona tal-Ħin | UTC+8 |
| pes.gov.cn | |
Ir-renju ta' Nanzhao stabbilixxa diviżjoni msejħa Bu'ri Jian (biċ-Ċiniż: 步日瞼) fit-839 W.K.; din kienet l-ewwel darba li r-reġjun ġie integrat fis-sistema amministrattiva ta' dinastija Ċiniża. Matul żmien id-dinastija Yuan, il-gvern ċentrali bidel l-isem għal Pu'ri (biċ-Ċiniż: 普日) fl-1278. Finalment, matul żmien id-dinastija Ming, l-isem inbidel għal "Pu'er" (biċ-Ċiniż: 普耳) fl-1384. Il-karattru ta' "er" (biċ-Ċiniż: 耳) inbidel għal 洱 fi żmien l-Imperatur Wanli. L-isem ta' "普洱" (Pu'er) baqa' jintuża hekk sal-lum. L-istudjuż Wa Ni-ga jistqarr li l-isem oriġinali ta' "Bu'ri" huwa l-eżonimu tal-poplu Blang bil-lingwa Baraoke, li hija djalett Wa, li jfisser "ħija".
It-te ta' Pu'er jissejjaħ hekk għaliex Pu'er kienet iċ-ċentru tad-distribuzzjoni tat-te li kien jiġi prodott fil-Lbiċ tal-provinċja ta' Yunnan matul żmien id-dinastiji Ming u Qing. It-te ta' Pu'er sar rinomat mad-dinja kollha u miegħu anke l-belt ta' Pu'er.
Storja
immodifikaIsem il-belt inbidel għal Simao fl-1950 wara r-rebħa Komunista fil-Gwerra Ċivili Ċiniża, filwaqt li l-kontea tal-madwar kienet magħrufa bħala Pu'er. Fl-2007, isem il-belt reġa' nbidel għal Pu'er, filwaqt li ż-żona tal-madwar saret magħrufa bħala l-Kontea ta' Ning'er; u l-isem ta' Simao ttieħed minn raħal u distrett fi ħdan il-belt. Din il-bidla kellha effett fuq id-daqs taż-żona tal-produzzjoni uffiċjali tat-te ta' Pu'er, li huwa prodott reġjonali ewlieni.
Ġeografija u klima
immodifikaPu'er tinsab fin-Nofsinhar/fil-Lbiċ tal-provinċja ta' Yunnan, fin-naħa t'isfel tax-xmara Mekong (magħrufa fost iċ-Ċiniżi bħala x-xmara Lancang), u l-prefetturi li jikkonfinaw magħha huma Yuxi fil-Grigal, Honghe fil-Lvant, Xishuangbanna fin-Nofsinhar, Lincang fil-Majjistral, u Dali u Chuxiong. Taqsam il-fruntieri wkoll mal-Vjetnam (il-Provinċja ta' Điện Biên), mal-Laos (il-Provinċja ta' Phongsaly), u mal-Burma (l-Istat ta' Shan), u hija l-unika prefettura fil-provinċja ta' Yunnan li tmiss mal-fruntieri ta' dawn it-tliet pajjiżi. Bħal fil-każ tal-biċċa l-kbira tal-provinċja, l-art muntanjuża tiddomina ż-żona amministrattiva tagħha, u tkopri 98.3 %. L-elevazzjoni tvarja minn 376 metru għal 3,306 metru (minn 1,234 pied għal 10,846 pied).
Pu'er tinsab f'altitudni ta' iktar minn 1,300 metru (4,300 pied) u fi ħdan grad fin-Nofsinhar tat-Tropiku tal-Kankru, u bħall-biċċa l-kbira tan-Nofsinhar tal-provinċja ta' Yunnan, għandha klima subtropikali umduża sħuna (Cwa skont il-klassifikazzjoni klimatika ta' Köppen), b'mhux wisq distinzjoni bejn l-istaġuni u b'temperaturi sħan binhar is-sena kollha. Highs peak in April and May before the core of the rainy season and reach a minimum in December; however, the warmest and coolest months are June and January, respectively at 23.0 °C (73.4 °F) and 13.7 °C (56.7 °F); the annual mean is 19.3 °C (66.7 °F). June through September accounts for nearly 70% of the annual rainfall of 1,442 mm (56.8 in) and during this time, some rainfall occurs on most days, pushing relative humidity above 80% and there is a marked reduction in sunshine. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 27% in July to 69% in February, the city receives 2,206 hours of bright sunshine annually.
| Data klimatika Pu'er (id-Distrett ta' Simao), f'elevazzjoni ta' 1,302 metri, temp. normali fl-1991–2020 u temp. estremi fl-1971–2010 | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xahar | Jan | Fra | Mar | Apr | Mej | Ġun | Lul | Aww | Set | Ott | Nov | Diċ | Sena |
| Temp. għolja rekord °C (°F) | 27.6 (81.7) |
29.8 (85.6) |
32.0 (89.6) |
34.0 (93.2) |
35.7 (96.3) |
33.5 (92.3) |
31.8 (89.2) |
32.3 (90.1) |
31.0 (87.8) |
30.1 (86.2) |
27.3 (81.1) |
25.5 (77.9) |
35.7 (96.3) |
| Medja massima kuljum °C (°F) | 21.1 (70.0) |
23.6 (74.5) |
26.7 (80.1) |
28.6 (83.5) |
28.6 (83.5) |
27.9 (82.2) |
26.9 (80.4) |
27.2 (81.0) |
26.8 (80.2) |
25.0 (77.0) |
22.9 (73.2) |
20.5 (68.9) |
25.5 (77.9) |
| Medja kuljum °C (°F) | 13.7 (56.7) |
15.4 (59.7) |
18.6 (65.5) |
21.1 (70.0) |
22.4 (72.3) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.5 (72.5) |
22.4 (72.3) |
21.7 (71.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
16.8 (62.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
19.3 (66.7) |
| Medja minima kuljum °C (°F) | 8.7 (47.7) |
9.4 (48.9) |
12.2 (54.0) |
15.3 (59.5) |
18.1 (64.6) |
20.1 (68.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.9 (66.0) |
17.0 (62.6) |
13.1 (55.6) |
9.9 (49.8) |
15.2 (59.4) |
| Temp. baxxa rekord °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
2.4 (36.3) |
0.8 (33.4) |
7.1 (44.8) |
10.8 (51.4) |
14.5 (58.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
14.8 (58.6) |
11.3 (52.3) |
4.9 (40.8) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
| Preċipitazzjoni medja cm (pulzieri) | 27.3 (1.07) |
15.3 (0.60) |
27.7 (1.09) |
54.9 (2.16) |
138.7 (5.46) |
200.5 (7.89) |
322.4 (12.69) |
286.1 (11.26) |
175.9 (6.93) |
119.7 (4.71) |
49.5 (1.95) |
24.2 (0.95) |
1,442.2 (56.76) |
| Medja għall-jiem bil-preċipitazzjoni (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.0 | 3.3 | 4.5 | 9.0 | 15.7 | 21.5 | 25.3 | 24.2 | 19.3 | 14.1 | 6.2 | 4.2 | 151.3 |
| Medja tal-umdità relattiva (%) | 75 | 66 | 60 | 63 | 71 | 80 | 84 | 84 | 82 | 81 | 80 | 80 | 76 |
| Medja fix-xahar għas-siegħat bid-dawl tax-xemx | 228.4 | 224.0 | 235.9 | 239.1 | 210.1 | 148.1 | 111.7 | 128.3 | 146.1 | 152.1 | 187.6 | 194.5 | 2,205.9 |
| Perċentwal għall-possibilità tax-xemx | 68 | 69 | 63 | 63 | 51 | 37 | 27 | 32 | 40 | 43 | 57 | 59 | 51 |
| Sors 1: China Meteorological Administration | |||||||||||||
| Sors 2: Weather China | |||||||||||||
Diviżjonijiet amministrattivi
immodifika| Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population
(2010) |
Area (km2) | Density
(/km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simao District | 思茅区 | Sīmáo Qū | 296,500 | 4,093 | 72 |
| Ning'er Hani and Yi Autonomous County | 宁洱哈尼族彝族自治县 | Níng'ěr Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìxiàn | 185,700 | 3,670 | 51 |
| Mojiang Hani Autonomous County | 墨江哈尼族自治县 | Mòjiāng Hānízú Zìzhìxiàn | 360,500 | 5,459 | 66 |
| Jingdong Yi Autonomous County | 景东彝族自治县 | Jǐngdōng Yízú Zìzhìxiàn | 359,500 | 4,532 | 79 |
| Jinggu Dai and Yi Autonomous County | 景谷傣族彝族自治县 | Jǐnggǔ Dǎizú Yízú Zìzhìxiàn | 291,700 | 7,777 | 38 |
| Zhenyuan Yi, Hani and Lahu Autonomous County | 镇沅彝族哈尼族拉祜族自治县 | Zhènyuán Yízú Hānízú Lāhùzú Zìzhìxiàn | 208,600 | 4,223 | 49 |
| Jiangcheng Hani and Yi Autonomous County | 江城哈尼族彝族自治县 | Jiāngchéng Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìxiàn | 121,500 | 3,476 | 35 |
| Menglian Dai, Lahu and Va Autonomous County | 孟连傣族拉祜族佤族自治县 | Mènglián Dǎizú Lāhùzú Wǎzú Zìzhìxiàn | 135,500 | 1,957 | 69 |
| Lancang Lahu Autonomous County | 澜沧拉祜族自治县 | Láncāng Lāhùzú Zìzhìxiàn | 491,900 | 8,807 | 56 |
| Ximeng Va Autonomous County | 西盟佤族自治县 | Xīméng Wǎzú Zìzhìxiàn | 91,300 | 1,391 | 66 |
Demografija
immodifikaAccording to the Sixth National Census in 2010, the city’s Permanent Population (hukou) was 2,542,898. Compared with the Fifth National Census, the ten-year increase was 147,650, an increase of 6.16%. The average annual increase of 14,765 people, the average annual growth rate of 0.59%. Among them, there are 1,339,502 males, accounting for 52.68% of the total population; 1,203,396 females, accounting for 47.32% of the total population. The sex ratio of the total population (female is 100) is 111.31. The population aged 0-14 is 456,130, accounting for 17.94%; the population aged 15-64 is 1,902,145, accounting for 74.80%; the population aged 65 and over is 184,623, accounting for 7.26%. The population living in cities and towns was 788,298, accounting for 31.0% of the total population; the population living in rural areas was 1,754,600, accounting for 69.0% of the total population.
Nazzjonalità
immodifikaAmong the resident population, the Han population is 991,585, accounting for 38.99% of the total population; the ethnic minorities population is 1,551,313, accounting for 61.01% of the total population.
| National name | Han | Hani | Yi | Lahu | Wa | Dai | Bulang | Hui | Bai | Hmong | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 991585 | 454666 | 421052 | 303937 | 150164 | 144117 | 15543 | 13221 | 13173 | 12727 | 22713 |
| Proportion of total population (%) | 38.99 | 17.88 | 16.56 | 11.95 | 5.91 | 5.67 | 0.61 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0.89 |
| Proportion of minority population (%) | --- | 29.31 | 27.14 | 19.59 | 9.68 | 9.29 | 1.00 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.82 | 1.46 |
Trasport
immodifika- Asian Highway Network AH3
- China National Highway 213
- Kunming–Bangkok Expressway
- Pu'er Simao Airport