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[[Stampa:Edward Sapir.jpg|thumb|Edward Sapir (madwar l-1910)]]
'''Edward Sapir''', ([[Lębork]], [[26 ta' Jannar]] [[1884]]- – [[New Haven]], [[4 ta' Frar]] [[1939]]) kien [[antropoloġija|antropologu]] u [[lingwistika|lingwista]] [[Stati Uniti tal-Amerika|Amerikan]], wieħed mill-mexxejja importanti fil-[[lingwistika strutturali]], u li. flimkienFlimkien ma' [[Benjamin Whorf]], issuġġerixxahu dakkien il-moħħ wara li dik li illum tissejaħtissejjaħ l-'[[Ipoteżiipoteżi ta' Sapir-Whorf]]'.
== Ħajja u Xogħolxogħol ==
Sapir twieled Lauenburg, il-f'[[ĠermanjaLębork|Lauenburg]], illum [[Lebork|Lębork]] filil-[[PolonjaPrussja]], fis-26 ta' Jannar 1884. Fl-1904 iggradwa mill-[[Università ta' Columbia ]], fi [[New York]], bi grad fil-lingwi Ġermaniċi, iżda l-interessi lingwistiċi tiegħu kienu jħaddnu skopijiet ħafna usa'. Fis-sentejn li segwew għamel studji diretti (''field-studies'') fuq il-lingwi- [[Wishram]] u [[Takelma]]. tal-[[Amerikani Nattivi]]. Waqt li kien f'[[ColumbiaUniversità Universityta' Columbia|Columbia]], iltaqa' ma' lmal-antropologu [[Franz Boas]], li probabbilment kienet il-persuna li l-aktar tagħtu spinta biex jistudja il-lingwi Amerikani.
Għallem fl-[[Università ta' Chicago]] u aktar tard l-[[Università ta' Yale]], fejn laħaq kap tad-dipartiment ta' ltal-[[antropoloġija]]. Kien wieħed mill-ewwel li esplora r-relazzjonijiet bejn l-istudji lingwistiċi u l-antropoloġija. Fost l-istudenti tiegħu insibu lil-[[Li Fanggui|Fang-kuei Li]] u [[Benjamin Whorf]].
Sapir ippropona ħarsa ġdida lejn il-lingwa [[fl-1921]], billi sostna li l-lingwa tinfluenzatinfluwenza l-mod kiefkif jaħsbu in-nies. L-idea ta' Sapir ġiet adottata fl-erbgħinijiet minn Whorf u eventwalment saret tissejjaħ l-[[Ipoteżiipoteżi ta' Sapir-Whorf]].
Fl-artiklu ''The Psychological Reality of the Phoneme'' (Ir-realtà psikoloġika tal-Fonema) li ppubblika fl-1949 kien l-ewwel li sostna b'mod ċar ħafna li l-[[fonema]], kategorija astratta ġenerali tal-ħoss, hija psikoloġiamentpsikoloġikament reali u tikkategoriżża l-mod kif nagħrfu.
Fost il-lingwi Amerikani l-ispeċjalitajet tiegħu kienu il-lingwi [[Athabaskan]]. Fost il-lingwi u kulturi oħra li studja Sapir ngħoddu il-[[Wishram]] [[Chinookan|Chinook]], [[Lingwa Navajo |Navajo]], [[Nootka]], [[Paiute]], [[Takelma]], u [[Yana|Yana]]. Għalkemm magħruf għal xogħol tiegħu fil-lingwistika Amerikana, kien produttiv ħafna f'materji tal-lingwistika ġenerali, kif naraw fil-ktieb tiegħu ''Language'', li jipprovdi kollox, minn klassifikazzjoni tipoloġika grammatikali ta' lingwi li jkopru miċ-[[Lingwa Ċiniża|Ċiniż]] san-[[Nootka]], sa spekulazzjonijiet fuq il-Fenomenufenomenu tat-tibdil fil-lingwa, ([[Driftdrift]]) u l-arbitrarjetà tal-assoċjazzjonijiet bejn il-lingwa, r-[[razza]] u l-[[kultura]].
Sapir miet fl-4 ta' Frar 1939 b'problemi tal-qalb.
== Kotba ==
*''Wishram Texts'' (1909) ▼
▲* ''Wishram Texts'' (1909)
* ''Language: An introduction to the study of speech'' (1921) ([http://www.bartleby.com/186/ linksors])
* ''Nootka Texts'' (1939) ▼
▲*''Nootka Texts'' (1939)
* ''The Function of an International Auxiliary Language'' ) ([http:// wwwinterlanguages. geocities.com/Athens/Forum/5037net/sapir.html linkħolqa]) ara wkoll [[Lingwa Awżiljari Internazzjonali]] ▼*''The problem of noun incorporation in American languages''. Am. Anthropol. 13:250-82. ( [[1911 ]]) ▼*''Time Perspective in Aboriginal American Culture: A Study in Method''. Canada Department of Mines, Geological Survey, Memoir 90. Anthropological Series, No. 13. ( [[1916 ]]) ▼
== Biblijografija ==
▲*''The Function of an International Auxiliary Language'' ) ([http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Forum/5037/sapir.html link]) ara wkoll [[Lingwa Awżiljari Internazzjonali]]
▲*''The problem of noun incorporation in American languages''. Am. Anthropol. 13:250-82. ([[1911]])
▲*''Time Perspective in Aboriginal American Culture: A Study in Method''. Canada Department of Mines, Geological Survey, Memoir 90. Anthropological Series, No. 13. ([[1916]])
* Koerner, E. F. K.; Koerner, Konrad (1985). ''Edward Sapir: Appraisals of his life and work.'' Amsterdam: John Benjamins. ISBN 978-9027245182.
==Bibljografija==
* Sapir, Edward; Darnell, Regna; Irvine, Judith T.; Handler, Richard (1999). ''The collected works of Edward Sapir: culture''. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3110126396.
*''Edward Sapir: Appraisals of His Life and Work''. Ed. Konrad Koerner. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, [[1984]]. A collection of obituaries, bibliographic sketches, and critiques (mostly positive) of Sapir's work by his colleagues, students, and others affected by his work.
*''The Collected Works of Edward Sapir''. Ed. William Bright. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, [[1990]]. Volume IV presents more of his anthropological work, and makes reference to his work with Fang-Kuei Li. Volumes V and VI contain his work on American Indian languages, including the letter in which he speculates about a tie between Athabaskan and Sino-Tibetan.
== Ħoloq esterni ==
{{wikisource|Author:Edward Sapir}}
*[http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/biomems/esapir.html National Academy of Sciences biography]
{{wikiquote|Edward Sapir}}
*http://www.bartleby.com/people/Sapir-Ed.html ▼* [http://www.yalenap.edu/linguistreadingroom/Sapirbooks/biomems/esapir.html Bijografija tal-Akkademja Nazzjonali tax-Xjenzi]
▲* [http://www.bartleby.com/people/Sapir-Ed.html Kollezzjoni ta' Edward Sapir] fuq bartleby.com
*http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/pqrst/sapir_edward.html
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[[Kategorija:Antropoloġi Amerikani]]
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[[be:Эдвард Сэйпір]]
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