Content deleted Content added
Linja 151:
F'Mejju 1968, studenti protestanti okkupaw is-[[Università ta' Pariġi|Sorbonne]] u fetħu barrikati fil-[[Kwartier latin (Pariġi)|Kwartier latin]]. Eluf ta' ħaddiema b'kullar blu Pariġini ssieħbu mal-istudenti, u l-moviment kiber fi strajk ġenerali ta' ġimgħatejn. Partitarji tal-gvern rebħu l-elezzjonijiet ta' Ġunju b'maġġoranza kbira. L-[[Avvenimenti f'Mejju 1968 fi Franza]] rriżultaw it-tifrik tal-Università ta' Pariġi fi 13-il kampus indipendenti.
 
In Fl-1975, thel-Assemblea NationalNazzjonali Assemblybidlet changedl-istatus theta' statusPariġi ofbħal Parisdak tota' thatbliet ofoħra otherFranċiżi French cities andu, onfil-25 25ta' MarchMarzu 1977, [[Jacques Chirac]] becameġie thel-ewwel firstsindku electedelett mayorta' ofPariġi Paris sincesa mill-1793.{{sfn|Fierro|1996|p=260}} The It-[[TourTorri Montparnasse|TourTorri Maine Montparnasse]], thel-itwal tallestbini building in the city atfil-belt b'57 storeyssulari andu 210 metresmetri highgħoli, waskien builtmibni betweenbejn l-1969 andu l-1973. It-torri waskien highlykontroversjali controversialħafna, andu itbaqgħa remainsl-uniku thebini onlyfiċ-ċentru buildingtal-belt inb'aktar the centre of the city overminn 32 storeyssulari highgħoli.{{sfn|Sarmant|2012|p=222}}
 
TheIl-popolazzjoni populationta' ofPariġi Parisniżlet dropped fromminn 2,850,000 in fl-1954 togħal 2,152,000 in fl-1990, asminħabba li middlel-classfamilji familiesta' movedklassi tonormali themarru suburbsjgħixu lejn il-subborgi.{{sfn|Combeau|2003|pp=107 In-108}}netwerk Aferrovjarju suburban railway network, the ir-[[Réseau Express Régional|RER]] (''Réseau Express Régional''), waskien builtmibni tobiex complementjikkumplimenta thet-triq espressa tal-''Métro,'' and theu l-[[Périphérique (ParisPariġi)|''Périphérique'']], expresswaydan encirclingil-proġett thekien city, was completed inlest fl-1973.{{sfn|Bell|de-Shalit|2011|p=247}}
 
MostĦafna of themill-presidenti postwarta's presidentswara of thel-gwerra tal-[[FrenchIl-Ħames FifthRepubblika RepublicFranċiża|FifthĦames RepublicRepubblika]] wantedriedu tojitilqu leavel-monumenti theirtagħhom ownstess monuments in Parisf'Pariġi; il-President [[Georges Pompidou]] started thebeda ċ-[[CentreĊentru Georges Pompidou]] (1977), [[Valéry Giscard d'Estaing]] began thebeda l-[[Musée d'Orsay]] (1986); il-President [[François Mitterrand]], inli powerkien forfil-poter għal 14-il yearssena, built thebena l-[[Opéra Bastille]] (1985-1989), the il-[[Bibliothèque nationale de France]] (1996), the l-[[Arche de la Défense]] (1985-1989), and theu l-[[LouvrePiramida Pyramidtal-Louvre]] withb'bitħa itstaħt undergroundl-art courtyardtagħha (1983-1989); [[Jacques Chirac]] (2006), the il-[[Musée du quai Branly]].{{sfn|Sarmant|2012|pp=226-230}}
 
InKmieni the early 21stfis-seklu century21, theil-popolazzjoni populationta' ofPariġi Parisbdiet begantiżdied tobil-mod increase slowly againmill-ġdid, ashekk morekif youngaktar peoplenies movedżgħażagħ intomarru thejgħixu cityfil-belt. ItHija reachedlaħqet 2.25 million inmiljun fl-2011. In MarchF'Marzu 2001, [[Bertrand Delanoë]] becamesar thel-ewwel firstsindku socialistsoċjalist mayor ofta' ParisPariġi. In Fl-2007, inbi ansforz effortbiex tojitnaqqas reduceit-traffiku car traffictal-karozzi in the cityfil-belt, hehuwa introduced theintroduċa l-[[Vélib']], asistema systemli whichtikri rentsroti bicyclesgħall-użu fortar-residenti thelokali useu of local residents and visitorsl-viżitaturi. Bertrand Delanoë alsotrasforma transformedwkoll asezzjoni sectiontal-awtostrada of the highway along the lefttul il-bank of thetax-xellug tas-Seine into an urbanfi promenade andurbana u park, the il-''[[Promenade des Berges de la Seine]]'', whichli hehuwa inauguratednnawgura in Junef'Ġunju 2013.<ref>{{citeċita web|url=http://www.lemoniteur.fr/133-amenagement/article/actualite/21534070-les-berges-de-seine-rendues-aux-parisiens|title=Les berges de Seine rendues aux Parisiens|publishereditur=''Le Moniteur''|datedata=19 Juneta' Ġunju 2013|accessdateaċċessdata=2 Decemberta' Diċcmbru 2014|languagelingwa=French}}</ref>
 
In Fl-2007, il-President [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] launchedfetaħ theil-proġett ''[[Grand Paris]]'' project, tobiex integratejintegra Parisl-Pariġi moreaktar closelymill-qrib withmal-bliet thefir-reġjun towns in the region around ittal-madwar. AfterWara manyħafna modificationsmodifiki, theiż-żona new areal-ġdida, named theimsemmija l-[[Grand Paris|MetropolisMetropoli ofta' Grand Paris]], withb'popolazzjoni a population ofta' 6.7 millionmiljun, ishija scheduledskedata forgħall-ħolqien creationfl-1 on 1ta' JanuaryJannar 2016.<ref name="Lichfield">{{cite newsċita aħbar|titletitlu=Sarko's €35bn rail plan for a 'Greater Paris' |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/sarkos-euro35bn-rail-plan-for-a-greater-paris-1676196.html |datedata=29 ta' April 2009 |workxogħol= |publishereditur=[[The Independent]] |accessdateaċċessdata=12 Juneta' Ġunju 2009 | locationpost=LondonLondra | firstisem=John | lastkuljom=Lichfield}}</ref>
 
In Fl-2011, theil-Belt Cityta' ofPariġi Parisu andl-gvern thenazzjonali nationalapprovaw government approved the plans for theil-pjanijiet għall-[[Grand Paris Express]], totalingb'total ta' 205 kilometreskilometri ofta' automatedlinji tal-metro linesawtomatizzati toli connectjikkonnetjaw Parislil-Pariġi, theil-ġewwanetti innermosttat-tliet threedipartimenti departmentsmadwar around ParisPariġi, airportsl-ajruporti andu [[TGV|highl-speedistazzjon railtal-veloċità (qawwija [[TGV)]] stations, atdawn anb'kollox estimatedgħandhom costspiża ofstmata ta' €35 billionbiljun.<ref name=metro>{{citeċite web|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/EUR265bn-grand-paris-metro-expansion-programme-confirmed.html|titletitlu=€26.5bn Grand Paris metro expansion programme confirmed|datedata=12 Marchta' Marzu 2013|accessdateaċċessdata=24 ta' April 2013|publishereditur=Railway Gazette International}}</ref> TheIs-sistema systemhija isskedata scheduledli to be completed bytitlesta sal-2030.<ref>{{citeċita web|url=http://www.societedugrandparis.fr/#projet|titletitlu=Le Metro du Grand Paris|publishereditur= Site of Grand Paris Express|languagelingwa=FrenchFranċiż|accessdateaċċessdata=27 Novemberta' Novembru 2014}}</ref>
 
On Fil-5 ta' April 2014, is-soċjalista [[Anne Hidalgo]], a socialist, was electedkienet theeletta firstl-ewwel femalesindku mayormara ofta' ParisPariġi.
[[File:Place de la République, 18h50, une foule silencieuse.jpg|thumb|left|500px|Anti-terrorismDimostrazzjoni demonstration ontal-anti-terroriżmu fil-''Place de la République'' afterwara l-[[Sparar ta' Charlie Hebdo|isparar shootingta' Charlie Hebdo]] (11 Januaryta' Jannar 2015)]]
 
On Fis-7 Januaryta' Jannar 2015, twożewġ Frenchestremisti MuslimMusulmani extremistsFranċiżi attackedattakkaw theil-kwartieri Parisġenerali headquartersta' of ''[[Charlie Hebdo shooting|Charlie Hebdo]]'' andf'Pariġi, killedu thirteenqatlu peopletlettax-il persuna, andfid-9 onta' 9 JanuaryJannar, a thirdit-tielet terrorist killedqatel fourerba hostagesostaġġi duringwaqt anattakk [[Portef'ħanut detal-merċa Vincenneslhudi siege|attack at a Jewish grocery store]] atġewwa l-''[[Porte de Vincennes]]''.<ref>{{citeċita web|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/les-decodeurs/article/2015/01/14/attentats-terroristes-les-questions-que-vous-nous-avez-le-plus-posees_4554653_4355770.html|publishereditur=''Le Monde''|datedata=15 Januaryta' Jannar 2015|accessdateaċċessdata=15 Januaryta' Jannar 2015|titletitlu=Attentats terroristes : les questions que vous nous avez le plus posées|languagelingwa=FrenchFranċiż}}</ref> On Fil-11 Januaryta' anJannar estimatedkien stmat li [[RepublicanMarċi marchesRepubblikana|1.5 millionmiljun people marched in Parispersuna]]–along withmmarċjaw internationalflimkien politicalmal-politiċi leaders–tomexxejja showinternazzjonali solidaritybiex againstjuru terrorismsolidarjetà andkontra int-terroriżmu defenceu ofd-difiża freedomtal-libertà of speechtal-kelma.<ref>{{citeċita web|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/le-scan/citations/2015/01/11/25002-20150111ARTFIG00086-les-politiques-s-affichent-a-la-marche-republicaine.php|title=Les politiques s'affichent à la marche républicaine|publishereditur=''Le Figaro''|datedata=11 Januaryta' Jannar 2015|accessdateaċċessdata=11 January 2015|languagelingwa=FrenchFranċiż}}</ref>
TenGħaxar monthsxhur laterwara, fit-13 Novemberta' Novembru 2015, camewaslu [[November 2015 Paris attacks|aserje seriesta' ofattakki coordinatedkkordinati terroristterroristiċi attacks in Parisf'Parġi andu Saint-Denis]] claimedallegati by themill-organizzazzjoni tal-'IslamicIstat stateIżlamiku' organisation, [[IslamicStat State ofIslamiku tal-Iraq and theu l-Levant|ISIL]] ('Daesh', ISIS);<ref>{{CiteĊita newsaħbar|titletitlu = Islamic State claims Paris attacks that killed 127|url = http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/11/14/us-france-shooting-idUSKCN0T22IU20151114|newspapergazzetta = Reuters|datedata = 2015-11-14|access-dateaċċessdata = 2015-11-14}}</ref> 130 peoplepersuna were killednqatlu byminn gunfiresparaturi andu bombsbombi, andu moreaktar thanminn 350 werekienu injuredndarbu.<ref>''Le Figaro''Sebgħa onmill-line,attakkanti ''Leqatlu Monde''lilhom on-line,infushom AP,u Reuters, 22 November 2015 0700 Paris time</ref> Seven of the attackers killed themselves and others by setting offoħrajn theirsplodew explosivelilhom vestsinfushom. OnFl-għodwa thetat-18 morningta' ofNovembru, 18tliet Novemberterroristi three suspected terroristssuspettati, includinginkluż allegedl-allegat plannermill-pjan of the attackstal-attakki Abdelhamid Abaaoud, werekienu killedmaqtula inminn asparaturi shootouttal-pulizija withfis-subborg policeta' in the Paris suburb ofPariġi, Saint-Denis.<ref>''Le Monde'' onIl-line 20 November 1430 Paris time</ref> President Hollande declarediddikjara Francelill-Franza toli betkun in a three-monthfi [[statestat ofta' emergencyemerġenza]], għal tlett xhur.<ref>''Le Monde'' on-line, 10:15 14 November 1015 Parista' timeNovembru</ref>
 
==Referenzi==