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[[Louis XIV ta' Franza|Louis XIV]] m'afdax lill-Pariġini u ċaqlaq il-qorti tiegħu lejn [[Palazz ta' Versailles|Versailles]] fl-1682, imma renju tiegħu ra wkoll twarrid bla preċedenti tal-arti u x-xjenzi f'Pariġi. Il-[[Comédie-Française]], l-Akkademja tal-Pittura, u l-[[Akkademja tax-Xjenzi Franċiża]] kienu ġew ibbażati u għamlu l-kwartieri ġenerali tagħhom fil-belt. Biex jintwera li l-belt kienet sigura kontra l-attakki, huwa kien waqgħa l-ħitan tal-belt, biex minflok bena l-''[[Boulevards ta' Pariġi|Grands Boulevards]]''. Biex iħalli l-monumenti lir-renju tiegħu, huwa bena l-''[[Collège des Quatre-Nations]]'', il-''[[Place Vendôme]]'', il-''[[Place des Victoires]]'' u l-''[[Les Invalides]]''.
 
===Seklu 18 ud-19===
[[Stampa:Lallemand - Arrestation du gouverneur de la Bastille - 1790.jpg|thumb|right|L-attakkI fuq [[Bastilja]] fl-14 ta' Lulju 1789 li rriżultaw il-bidu tar-Rivoluzzjoni Franċiża.]]
Bejn l-1640 u l-1789, Pariġi kibret fil-popolazzjoni minn 400,000 għal 600,000. Boulevard ġdida, [[Champs-Élysées]], estendiet il-belt tal-punent għall-''[[Place Charles de Gaulle|Étoile]]'', filwaqt li ħaddiema klassiċi tal-lokal ta' ''Faubourg Saint-Antoine'' fuq is-sit tal-lvant tal-belt kibret aktar u b'hekk żdiedu aktar [[ħaddiem immigrant|immigranti]] foqra minn reġjuni oħra ta' Franza.
 
Pariġi kienet iċ-ċentru ta' splużjoni ta' attività filosofiska u xjentifika magħrufa bħala ż-[[Żmien tal-Illuminiżmu]]. [[Denis Diderot|Diderot]] u [[Jean le Rond d'Alembert|d'Alembert]] ippubblikaw l-''[[Encyclopédie]]'' tagħhom fis-snin 1751-52, u [[L-Aħwa Montgolfier|Aħwa Montgolfier]] tajru l-ewwel titjira ekwipaġġata b'bużżieqa ta' arja sħuna fil-21 ta' Novembru 1783, mill-ġonna ta' [[Château de la Muette]]. Pariġi kienet il-kapital finanzjarja tal-Ewropa kontinentali, iċ-ċentru primarju Ewropej tal-pubblikazzjoni tal-kotba, moda, u l-manifattura tal-għamara fina u oġġetti ta' lussu.
 
Fis-sajf tal-1789, Pariġi saret ċentru tal-istadju tar-[[Rivoluzzjoni Franċiża]]. Fl-14 ta' Lulju, grupp ħataf l-armamenti tal- [[Invalides]], b'hekk akkwistaw eluf ta' armi tan-nar, u attakkaw il-[[Bastilja]], simbolu ta' awtorità rjali. L-ewwel Komun ta' Pariġi indipendenti, jew kunsill tal-belt, iltaqgħu fil-''Hôtel de Ville'' u fil-15 ta' Lulju, l-astronomu ġie elett bħala sindku.
 
Louis XVI u l-familja rjali kienu miġjuba għall-Pariġi u għamlu priġunieri virtwali fi ħdan il-Palazz Tuileries. Matul [[Renju tat-Terrur]] fl-1793, ir-rivoluzzjoni daret aktar u aktar radikali, ir-re, r-reġina, u s-sindku kienu maqtula bil-giljotina, flimkien ma' 16,000 nies oħra (barra minn Franza). Il-proprjetà tal-aristokrazija u l-knisja kienet [[Biens nationaux|nazzjonalizzata]], u l-knejjes tal-belt kienu ngħalqu, mibjugħa jew mġarrfa. Suċċessjoni ta' fazzjonijiet rivoluzzjonarji ddeċidiet li tmexxi lill-Pariġi sad-9 ta' Novembru 1799 (''coup d'état du 18 brumaire''), meta [[Napuljun|Napuljun Bonaparte]] ikkonfiska bhala l-Ewwel Konslu.
 
[[File:Palais Garnier.jpg|thumb|The [[Paris Opera]] was the centrepiece of Napoleon III's new Paris. The architect, [[Charles Garnier (architect)|Charles Garnier]], described the style simply as "Napoleon the Third."|left]]
The population of Paris had dropped by 100,000 during the Revolution, but between 1799 and 1815, it surged with 160,000 new residents, reaching 660,000.{{sfn|Sarmant|2012|p=148}} [[Napoleon|Bonaparte]] replaced the elected government of Paris with a prefect reporting only to him. He began erecting monuments to military glory, including the ''[[Arc de Triomphe]]'', and improved the neglected infrastructure of the city with new fountains, the [[Canal de l'Ourcq]], [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]] and the city's first metal bridge, the ''[[Pont des Arts]]''.{{sfn|Sarmant|2012|p=148}}
 
During the [[Bourbon Restoration|Restoration]], the bridges and squares of Paris were returned to their pre-Revolution names, but the [[July Revolution]] of 1830 in Paris, (commemorated by the [[July Column]] on [[Place de la Bastille]]), brought a constitutional monarch, [[Louis Philippe I]], to power. The first railway line to Paris opened in 1837, beginning a new period of massive migration from the [[Provinces of France|provinces]] to the city.{{sfn|Sarmant|2012| p=148}}
[[File:Construction tour eiffel5.JPG|thumb|right|upright|The [[Eiffel Tower]], under construction in August 1888, startled Parisians and the world with its modernity.]]
Louis-Philippe was overthrown by a popular uprising in the streets of Paris in 1848. His successor, [[Napoleon III]], and the newly appointed prefect of the Seine, [[Georges-Eugène Haussmann]], launched a gigantic public works project to build wide new boulevards, a new opera house, a central market, new aqueducts, sewers, and parks, including the [[Bois de Boulogne]] and [[Bois de Vincennes]].{{sfn|De Moncan|2012|pp=7-35}} In 1860, Napoleon III also annexed the surrounding towns and created eight new arrondissements, expanding Paris to its current limits.{{sfn|De Moncan|2012|pp=7-35}}
 
During the [[Franco-Prussian War]] (1870–1871), Paris was besieged by the Prussian army. After months of blockade, hunger, and then bombardment by the Prussians, the city was forced to surrender on 28 January 1871. On 28 March, a revolutionary government called the [[Paris Commune]] seized power in Paris. The Commune held power for two months, until it was harshly suppressed by the French army during the "Bloody Week" at the end of May 1871.{{sfn|Rougerie|2014|p=118}}
 
Late in the 19th century, Paris hosted two major international expositions: the [[Exposition Universelle (1889)|1889 Universal Exposition]], was held to mark the centennial of the French Revolution and featured the new Eiffel Tower; and the [[Exposition Universelle (1900)|1900 Universal Exposition]], which gave Paris the ''[[Pont Alexandre III]]'', the ''[[Grand Palais]]'', the ''[[Petit Palais]]'' and the first [[Paris Métro]] line.{{sfn|Fraser|Spalding|2011|p=117}} Paris became the laboratory of [[naturalism (literature)|Naturalism]] ([[Émile Zola]]) and [[Symbolism (arts)|Symbolism]] ([[Charles Baudelaire]] and [[Paul Verlaine]]), and of [[Impressionism]] in art ([[Courbet]], [[Manet]], [[Claude Monet|Monet]], [[Renoir]].){{sfn|Fierro|1996|pp=490-491}}
 
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