Saħara: Differenza bejn il-verżjonijiet
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{{stub|Ġeografija}}
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[[File:Sahara satellite hires.jpg|thumb|300px|A satellite image of the ''Sahara''.]]
[[File:Sahara desert.jpg|thumb|Sand dunes in the Sahara desert]]
The '''Sahara'''<ref>[[Arabic]]: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrā´ al-kubra, "The Greatest Desert"</ref> in [[North Africa]], is the one of the largest [[desert]]s in the world. [[Antarctica]] is also a desert, and is larger.<ref>The Arctic is not a land mass.</ref>
It is bounded by the [[Atlantic Ocean]], the [[Atlas Mountains]], the [[Mediterranean Sea]], the [[Red Sea]], and the [[Sahel]] region. Inside it are parts of many countries, including [[Morocco]], [[Algeria]], [[Tunisia]], [[Libya]], [[Egypt]], [[Mauritania]], [[Mali]], [[Niger]], [[Chad]], and The [[Sudan]]. Most parts are uninhabited, but some people manage to survive in places where there is water.<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/516375/Sahara |title=Sahara (desert, Africa) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia |work=britannica.com |accessdate=4 May 2010}}</ref>
The Sahara Desert is about 9,065,000 square kilometers in size. It has been both larger and smaller at different times. After the last [[ice age]] it became more [[fertile]], then dried up again. It is the hottest place on the Earth, but not the driest. The driest is the [[Atacama Desert]] in [[South America]]. The Sahara has about the same size as the whole [[United States]].
== Environment ==
The highest mountain is 3415 m, and is the ''Emi Koussi'' in Chad. Some [[mountain]] peaks in the Sahara Desert have [[snow]] even in the [[summer]].<ref name="looklex">{{Cite web |url= http://looklex.com/e.o/sahara.htm |title=Sahara - LookLex Encyclopaedia |work=looklex.com |accessdate=4 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.algeria.com/blog/snow-in-summer-algerias-hoggar-mountains|title=Snow in the Sahara|publisher=Algeria.com|accessdate=5 August 2010}}</ref> The main mountain ranges is the Atlas Mountains in Algeria. The Sahara's lowest point lies in the Qattara Depression in [[Egypt]], at about 130 [[metres]] below sea level. Sand sheets and [[dune]]s are about 25% of the Sahara. All the other parts are mountains, [[steppe]]s with a lot of [[stone]]s, and oases.<ref name="looklex"/>
There are several rivers running through the Sahara. However, most of them come and go through the seasons, except for the Nile River and Niger River.<ref name="looklex"/>
Metallic minerals are very important to most Saharan countries. Algeria and Mauritania have several major deposits of iron [[ore]]. There are also bits of [[uranium]], while Niger has the largest parts of them. A lot of [[phosphate]]s are in Morocco and Western Sahara. [[Oil]] is mainly found in Algeria. The oil is very important to the economy of the entire country. While the mineral exploitation has led to economic growth in Sahara, this has rarely helped the indigenous population, as skilled workers have been brought from other countries.
== Cities ==
Of the Sahara's around 4 million people, most live in Mauritania, Western Sahara, Algeria, Libya and Egypt. Dominant groups of people are Sahrawis and Tuareg. The largest city is Nouakchott, Mauritania's capital. Other important cities are Tamanrasset in Algeria, and Sebha and Ghat in Libya.
Only 200,000 km² of Sahara are fertile oases, where [[date]]s, [[corn]], and [[fruit]]s are grown. The few fertile regions today are fed by underground rivers and underground basins. Many of Sahara's oases rests in depressions (areas under sea level) allowing water to surface from underground reservoirs; artesian [[well]]s.
The [[soil]] in Sahara is low in organic matter. The soil in depressions is often saline. Animal life is limited to gazelles, antelopes, jackals, foxes, badgers and hyena.
Other sorts of vegetation include scattered concentrations of grasses, shrubs and trees in the highlands, as well as in the oases and along river beds. Some plants are well adjusted to the climate, allowing them to germinate within 3 days of rain and sow their seeds within 2 weeks after that.
Animal life of Sahara include gerbil, jerboa, cape hare and desert [[hedgehog]], barbary [[sheep]], oryx, gazelle, [[deer]], wild ass, baboon, hyena, jackal, sand fox, weasel and mongoose. The bird life counts more than 300 species.
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Other websites ==
* {{fr icon}} [http://www.sahara-nature.com Flora and fauna of the Sahara]
{{commonscat|Sahara}}
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[[Stampa:Sahara satellite hires.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Ritratt minn satellita]]
Is-'''Saħara''' huwa l-ikbar [[deżert]] mhux polari tad-dinja, b'il fuq minn 9,000,000 km² (3,500,000 mi²), bejn wieħed u ieħor l-istess daqs ta' l-[[Istati Uniti]]. Is-Saħara jinsab fl-[[Afrika ta' Fuq]] u huwa stmat li għandu 2.5 miljun sena. L-isem ''Saħara'', hija l-pronunzja Ingliża tal-kelma li tintuża biex tfisser "deżert" bl-[[Lingwa Għarbija|Għarbi]] صحراء {{Awdjo|ar-Sahara.ogg|pronunzja bl-Għarbi}}.
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