Morus (botanika): Differenza bejn il-verżjonijiet
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=== Antoċijani mill-frott tal-morus ===
L-[[antoċijani]] huma pigmenti li għandhom il-potenzjal li jiġu wżati bħala modulaturi tad-dieta ta' mekkaniżmi ta' xi mard <ref> [http://lpi.oregonstate.edu/ss01/anthocyanin.html]</ref><ref>Hou DX|, ''Potential mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by anthocyanins'', Current Molecular Medicine, vol. 3, ħarġa 2, p.149–59, 2003</ref> u bħala koloranti naturali tal-ikel. Minħabba d-domanda li dejjem tiżdied għall-koloranti naturali tal-ikel, l-importanza tagħhom fl-industrija tal-ikel qed tiżdied. L-antoċijani huma responsabbli għall-kuluri attraenti tal-frott u l-ħaxix frisk billi jipproduċu kuluri bħall-oranġjo, l-aħmar, u l-vjola, l-iswed, u l-ikħal. Dawn jinħallu fl-ilma u jistgħu jiġu estratti faċilment.
Ġie stabbilit metodu li ma jqumx ħafna u li hu industrijalment vijabbli biex jippurifika l-antċijani mit-tut li jistgħu jintużaw fl-ikkunzar tat-tessuti jew bħala kolorant tal-ikel ta' valur koloranti għoli (ogħla minn 100). Ix-xjenzjati sabu li minn 31 kultivari Ċiniż tat-tut li ttestjaw, il-produzzjoni tal-antoċjani totali varjat minn 148mg għal 2725mg għal kull litru ta' meraq tal-frott <ref>Liu X, Xiao G, Chen W, Xu Y, Wu J, ''Quantification and Purification of Mulberry Anthocyanins with Macroporous Resins'', Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology, vol. 2004, ħarġa 5, p.326–331, 2004</ref> Iz-zokkor kollu, l-aċti kollha u l-vitamini baqgħu intatti fil-meraq li fadal wara t-tneħħija tal-antoċijani u li l-meraq li fadal seta' jkun iffermentat biex jipproduċi prodotti oħra bħal inbid.
Kontenut antoċjanin tiddependi fuq il-klima, qasam tal-kultivazzjoni, u hija partikolarment għolja fi klimi xemxija <ref> {{jikkwotaw ġurnal |. Awtur = Matus JT, Loyola R, Vega A,''et al''|. Titolu = Post-veraison espożizzjoni għax-xemx jikkaġuna MYB medjata regolament traskrizzjoni ta 'l-antoċjanin u flavonol sinteżi fil-ġlud berry ta' Vitis vinifera | ġurnal = Ġurnal tal-Botanika sperimentali | volum = 60 | kwistjoni = 3 | paġni = 853-67 | sena = 2009 | PMID = 19,129,169 | PMC = 2652055 | doi = 10.1093/jxb/ern336}} </ ref> Din is-sejba promettenti għall-tropikali [[sericulture]] pajjiżi sabiex jieħdu vantaġġ mill-produzzjoni industrijali mill-antoċjanin ċawsli permezz ta 'rkupru antoċjanin.
Dan joffri sfida lill-ċawsli [[germplasm]] riżorsi għall-
* Esplorazzjoni u l-ġbir ta 'frott li jipproduċi l-ispeċi ċawsli;
* Karatterizzazzjoni tagħhom, katalogazzjoni, u l-evalwazzjoni għall-kontenut antoċjanin bl-użu tradizzjonali kif ukoll bħala mezzi moderni u [[bijoteknoloġija]] għodda;
* Iżvilupp ta 'sistema ta' informazzjoni dwar dawn il-[[kultivar]] i jew varjetajiet;
* It-taħriġ u l-koordinazzjoni globali ta 'ħażniet ġenetiċi;
* Jevolvu l-istrateġiji tat-tgħammir xierqa biex jittejjeb il-kontenut antoċjanin fil razez potenzjali permezz ta 'kollaborazzjoni ma' stazzjonijiet varji ta 'riċerka fil-qasam tal sericulture, il-ġenetika tal-pjanti, u, trobbija u bijoteknoloġija [[farmakoloġija]].
A cheap and industrially feasible method to purify anthocyanins from mulberry fruit which could be used as a fabric [[tanning]] agent or food colorant of high color value (of above 100) has been established. Scientists found that out of 31 Chinese mulberry cultivars tested, the total anthocyanin yield varied from 148 mg to 2725 mg per liter of fruit juice.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Liu X, Xiao G, Chen W, Xu Y, Wu J|title=Quantification and Purification of Mulberry Anthocyanins with Macroporous Resins|journal=Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology|volume=2004 |issue=5|pages=326–331|year=2004|pmid=15577197|pmc=1082888|doi=10.1155/S1110724304403052}}</ref> Total sugars, total acids, and vitamins remained intact in the residual juice after removal of anthocyanins and that the residual juice could be fermented to produce products such as juice, wine, and sauce.
Anthocyanin content depends on climate, area of cultivation, and is particularly higher in sunny climates.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Matus JT, Loyola R, Vega A, ''et al.''|title=Post-veraison sunlight exposure induces MYB-mediated transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin and flavonol synthesis in berry skins of Vitis vinifera|journal=Journal of Experimental Botany |volume=60|issue=3|pages=853–67|year=2009|pmid=19129169|pmc=2652055|doi=10.1093/jxb/ern336}}</ref> This finding holds promise for tropical [[sericulture]] countries to profit from industrial anthocyanin production from mulberry through anthocyanin recovery.
This offers a challenging task to the mulberry [[germplasm]] resources for
*exploration and collection of fruit yielding mulberry species;
*their characterization, cataloging, and evaluation for anthocyanin content by using traditional as well as modern means and [[biotechnology]] tools;
*developing an information system about these [[cultivar]]s or varieties;
*training and global coordination of genetic stocks;
*evolving suitable breeding strategies to improve the anthocyanin content in potential breeds by collaboration with various research stations in the field of sericulture, plant genetics, and breeding, biotechnology and [[pharmacology]].
==Referenzi==
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