Phylum: Differenza bejn il-verżjonijiet

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{{Klassifikazjoni Tassonomika}}
[[Fajlum]] ([[Fajlum|Fajla]] fil-plural) huwa [[Taxon]] użat fil-[[Klassifikazjoni Xjentifika]] tal-organiżmi ħajjin. Il-[[Fajlum|Fajla]] jirrapreżentaw l'akbar gruppi ta' annimali u organiżmi oħra ħajja b'ċertu attributi evoluzjonarji li huma ġeneralment aċċettati, għalkemm dawn xi kulltant jiġu miġbura f'gruppi akbar l'hekk imsejħa [[Superfajla]] (eż. [[Ecdysozoa]] bi 8 [[Fajlum|Fajla]]). Informalment, [[Fajlum]] jista jkun maħsub bħala grupp ta' annimali bbażat fuq mudell ta' ġisem inġenerali.
 
Il-Klassifikazjonijiet tal-organiżmi f'sistema ġerarkika bdew jintużaw fis-sekli 17 u 18. Normalment l-organiżmi kienu jiġu miġbura fi gruppi skond is-similaritajiet morfoloġiċi bl-idejat tal-esperti ta' dawk iż-żminijiet u dawn il-gruppi fi gruppi akbar dejjem skond is-similaritajiet u kienu jibqaw sejrin hekk sakemm tifforma ġerarkija sħiħa (eż. annimali bl-għadam u annimali b'exoskeletru *skeletru minbarra"). Madankollu bid-differenzi kollha fid-dehra esterjuri ta' dawn l-organiżmi, il-klassifikazjoni tal-[[Fajlum|Fajla]] hija bbażata fuq l-organizzazjoni interna.
 
The job of an evolutionary biologist is to make sense of the conflicting diversity of form - there is not always a relationship between internal and external parts. Early in the history of the subject, it became obvious that internal organisations were generally more important to the higher classification of animals than are external shapes. The internal organisation puts general restrictions on how an animal can exchange gases, obtain nutrients and reproduce.</cite>"</ref>. For example, though seemingly divergent, [[spiders]] and [[crabs]] both belong to [[Arthropoda]], whereas [[earthworms]] and [[tapeworms]], similar in shape, are from [[Annelida]] and [[Platyhelminthes]], respectively. Although the [[International Code of Botanical Nomenclature]] allows the use of the term "Phylum" in reference to [[plants]], the term "[[Division (biology)|Division]]" is almost always used by botanists.
 
L'aktar [[Fajlum|Fajla]] magħrufa huma [[Mollusca]], [[Porifera]], [[Cnidaria]], [[Platyhelminthes]], [[Nematoda]], [[Annelida]], [[Arthropoda]], [[Echinodermata]], u [[Chordata]], dan ta' laħħar huwa il-[[Fajlum]] li huwa klassifikat fih il-bniedem. Għalkemm bejn wieħed u ieħor hemm 35 [[Fajlum|Fajla]], id-9 imsemmija hawn fuq jinkludu fihom il-biċċa l-kbira ta' l-ispeċi. Ħafna minn dawn il-[[Fajlum|Fajla]] huma esklużivament tal-baħar (jew marini) u [[Fajlum]] 1 biss huwa totalment nieqes mil-ambjent tal-baħar, il- [[Onychophora]] jew ħniex tal-bellus. Laħħar [[Fajlum]] skopert mix-xjenza kien [[Cycliophora]], meta jinstab annimal ġdid ħafna drabi jkun kemm ikun stramb normalment dejjem ikun jikklassifika fost il-[[Fajlum|Fajla]] magħrufa. Għalkemm hemm l'fuq minn miljun u nofs speċi eżistenti, dawn kollha jikklassifikaw taħt wieħed mill bejn wieħed u ieħor 35 [[Fajlum|Fajla]]. Madankollu S.pandora huwa tant mhux ta' soltu li ma kienx possibli li jikklassifika taħt wieħed mill-[[Fajlum|Fajla]] eżistenti u b'hekk inħoloq wieħed ġdid il-[[Cycliophora]] ghal din l-ispeċi biss.found in 1993; only three phyla were discovered in the last century.
 
[http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html?http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/articles/pandora.html] (URL accessed on [[July 5]], [[2006]])</ref> found in 1993; only three phyla were discovered in the last century.
 
The [[Cambrian explosion]] was a great flowering of life forms that occurred between roughly 542 and 530 million years ago; during this time all modern phyla (and many now-extinct ones) were established.<ref>"<cite>Compared with the 30 or so extant phyla, some people estimate that the Cambrian explosion may have generated as many as 100. The evolutionary innovation of the Precambrian/Cambrian boundary had clearly been extremely broad.</cite>" [http://www.veritas-ucsb.org/library/origins/quotes/cambrian.html] (URL accessed on [[July 5]], [[2006]])</ref> Over time the roles among different phyla have varied. For instance, during the Cambrian, the dominant [[megafauna]], or large animals, were arthropods whereas now they are vertebrates (chordata).<ref>"<cite>The Cambrian Explosion ... The organisms range from the prokaryotic [[cyanobacteria]] to eukaryotic green and red [[algae]], to [[sponge]]s, [[brachiopod]]s, [[priapulids]], [[annelids]], and many different [[arthropod]] groups, as well as [[echinoderms]] and possibly one of the first [[chordates]].
 
[[Scientific classification]] describes the following levels of organization (taxons) for classifying life forms: ''[[Kingdom (biology)|Kingdom]], Phylum, [[Class (biology)|Class]], [[Order (biology)|Order]], [[Family (biology)|Family]], [[Genus]], [[Species]], [[Subspecies]]''. Thus ''Phylum'' is a rather broad classification. Also, the [[Three-domain system|Three Domain System]] is now widely used and adds the level of ''[[Domain (biology)|Domain]]'' above ''Kingdom'' as the broadest classification.